Several authors have offered pseudoscientific arguments for the hypothesis, including journalist and New Age enthusiast Ruth Shick Montgomery. Velikovsky cited historical records in support of his work, although his studies were generally ridiculed by the scientific community. Further, he said near misses by Mars between 776 and 687 BCE also caused Earth's axis to change back and forth by ten degrees. This disruption supposedly caused earthquakes, tsunamis, and the parting of the Red Sea. During two proposed near-approaches in about 1450 BCE, he suggested that the direction of Earth's rotation was changed radically, then reverted to its original direction on the next pass. In his pseudo-scientific 1950 work Worlds in Collision, Immanuel Velikovsky postulated that the planet Venus emerged from Jupiter as a comet. Brown also argued that accumulation of ice at the poles caused recurring tipping of the axis, identifying cycles of approximately seven millennia. In 1948, Hugh Auchincloss Brown, an electrical engineer, advanced a hypothesis of catastrophic pole shift. In 1889, Jules Verne imagined the possible consequences of artificial pole shift in his book "The Purchase of the North Pole". A more dramatic view assumes more rapid changes, with dramatic alterations of geography and localized areas of destruction due to earthquakes and tsunamis.Īn early mention of a shifting of Earth's axis can be found in an 1872 article entitled "Chronologie historique des Mexicains" by Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, a specialist in Mesoamerican codices who interpreted ancient Mexican myths as evidence for four periods of global cataclysms that had begun around 10,500 BCE. A slow shift in the poles would display the most minor alterations and no destruction. In popular literature, many conjectures have been suggested involving very rapid polar shift. Pole shift hypotheses are not the same as geomagnetic reversal, the periodic reversal of Earth's magnetic field (effectively switching the north and south magnetic poles). Pole shift hypotheses are not connected with plate tectonics, the well-accepted geological theory that Earth's surface consists of solid plates which shift over a viscous, or semifluid asthenosphere nor with continental drift, the corollary to plate tectonics which maintains that locations of the continents have moved slowly over the surface of Earth, resulting in the gradual emerging and breakup of continents and oceans over hundreds of millions of years. The pole shift hypothesis describes a change in location of these poles with respect to the underlying surface – a phenomenon distinct from the changes in axial orientation with respect to the plane of the ecliptic that are caused by precession and nutation, and is an amplified event of a true polar wander. The geographic poles are defined by the points on the surface of Earth that are intersected by the axis of rotation. 3 Earth crustal displacement hypothesis.In each of these, the magnetic poles of Earth shifted by approximately 55° due to a large shift in the crust. Between approximately 790 and 810 million years ago, when the supercontinent Rodinia existed, two geologically-rapid phases of true polar wander may have occurred. A characteristic rate of true polar wander is 1° or less per million years. Research shows that during the last 200 million years a total true polar wander of some 30° has occurred, but that no rapid shifts in Earth's pole were found during this period. However, in what is known as true polar wander, the solid Earth can rotate with respect to a fixed spin axis. There is evidence of precession and changes in axial tilt, but this change is on much longer time-scales and does not involve relative motion of the spin axis with respect to the planet. The cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis is a pseudo-scientific claim that there have been recent, geologically rapid shifts in the axis of rotation of Earth, causing calamities such as floods and tectonic events or relatively rapid climate changes. This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards.
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